Understanding The Childhood And The State Sociology Essay

Understanding The Childhood And The State Sociology Essay The aim of this essay is to critically analyse both case studies by Virginia Morrow using arguments from the New Sociology of Childhood. The first part of the essay will discuss the concept of new sociology of childhood by explaining what it is, why it came about and what it main claims are. It will then move on to explore the findings of the above mentioned qualitative research of a group of children between 8 and 14 years of age in relation to their perspective on what they believe families to be. Children as social actors and childrens participation are key notions in what is considered as a modern day discourse. The implications discourses have in the ways in which children are portrayed and treated within society and the influence the actions taken by people and the judgement taken by them are often the subject of social constructionists. It is also well documented that different cultures can also have different perception, so can different situations and circumstances. In recent years, researchers have developed innovative methods for undertaking research with children. It has been customary to carry out research methods which have not directly involved children, for example, the study of children on a large scale and this has led to some disagreement by some sociologist because it is seen as carrying out a survey on children rather than with children. As an alternative, researchers have shifted towards the importance of giving the child a voice as social actors and being central in any research practise. It could be argued that most sociological policies and theories have in the past regarded children as being totally dependent, incapable, and dependent on their families to function successfully within a society. However, by adopting a childrens right perspective which is compatible with theoretical developments in the new sociology of childhood can mean that children have the power, skills, knowledge and resources to protect them. Children have been identified within the international framework of human rights as deserved of special consideration. As quoted by J. Eekelar à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the language of rights performs an important function. It acknowledges that there are certain things which we should provide for children, not just because adults think it would be nice if they had them, but because we are prepared to recognise that children want them, or can reasonably be assumed to want themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . (J.Eekelar Why Children? Why Rights? 2003) According to (James and Prout 1997) children are referred as active social agents and reliable informants of their own experience, who construct and shape the social structures and processes of their lives. Followers to this theory pay much attention to how children perceive the world around them and that they have their own distinctive way of looking at family life whereby the relationship is seen as a two way process with the child and the parent have a shared influence on any decisions taken. The research, by Morrow proposes that the majority of children do not want to make decision but rather would prefer to make a contribution to ther decision making process. None the less, there are some theorists who do not consider children as having sufficient protection even today. One of the sociologists is Melanie Philips who makes a case that the traditions of parenthood in the UK has broken down and that childhood simplicity has been destabilized by those with open mind which in turn could mean that children are given too many powers and rights. Other would suggest that the concept of cnew theory of childhood has become much more complicated and that there is an indication that the idea of a traditional childhood is yet again being lost. It is argued that this is not because of lack of understanding but through the lack of economic equality. Combined with the sophisticated and business-like way of living, it could be believed that childhood has somewhat been reduced as a result to the exposure to more adult information creating a child that is much more interested in everyday materialistic objects, and as such à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“expelled from the garden of childhoodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Postman, 1983) According to (Leacock 1981), within the new sociology of childhood, one of the key elements is that children should be considered as social actors, and by doing this, children are then taken from the idea of being objects, and to be studied on the basis that childrens beliefs and experiences do give insight into the meaning of childhood (Callinicos,1993). The research by Virginia Morrow (1998) was undertaken to explore two current phenomena . Firstly, that children of today experience quite varied family settings on their way to adulthood The second phenomena was in relation to the changes that have occurred in recent sociological theories whereby children should be listened to and importance given to what they have to say. The study looked at what childrens perceptions were on the family unit and how this might differ between cultures and background. It appeared that for many of the children, regardless of their ethnic background, their life revolved around their family or the extended family. One of the main findings was that childrens view in the main does not concur to what is considered as stereotypical notion of what a nuclear family is. Another key finding was that all the children included words such as care,support love and respect when describing what characteristics of family. Again this was though regardless of ethnic background, where they came from or their gender. A difference was found between children of different ages, as younger children saw having children and being in a marriage as the basis to a family and backed this up with examples from their own families. Older children were more ready to look at things outside their own domain. Many of the children referred to the term relations when describing their family and many were aware that individuals were related in different ways such as through marriage or genetically. In general, children explained that families were important to them and they saw their own family as any other family in general. When the question of who was important to them, the answer was parents, especially their mothers because they provide love and care. For some of the children, their sisters and brothers were seen as important to them. It appeared from their reactions that friendship was very important so some older children, especially girls. Finally, when asked about being listened to and being able to give their opinion, the children needed to be involved in decision making and have their say in what happens to them. Some considered that they were being listened to by their families while other did not. Some of the older children however, did mentioned that making a decision was not an easy task. On reflection therefore, the aim of this essay was to analyse the above mentioned case studies taking the new sociology of childhood into consideration. It could be said that discourses offer different and contrasting ways of thinking about children and childhood and as a consequence how they are viewed and treated by society. What this discussion serves to highlight is that there are conflicting thoughts surrounding the concept of childhood and that there is no clear right or wrong way of looking at what childhood conveys.

Destruction and Dishonesty Due to Ambition

Even the most honorable men in history have lose their dreams due to their ambitions, much like Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Macbeth in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Ambition, usually defines as a positive characteristic. However Ambition also contains many perils since it is excess. In many ways, the similarities and difference in the ambitions of Gatsby and Macbeth lead to their external and internal destructions, and their loss of integrity at earlier and later stages. To begin with, Gatsby and Macbeth both have external destructions to others due to their ambition. Through the story, Gatsby tries to win back the girl of his dream. He would rather ruin the marriage between Tom and Daisy in order to approach his dream girl. â€Å"‘She never loved you, do you hear? ’ he cried. ‘She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me’† (Fitzgerald 131). It shows how Gatsby’s ambition of love challenges Tom and his marriage with Daisy. Similar as Gatsby, Macbeth also destroys many people even their lives due to his ambition. Following the prophecy of witches, Macbeth tries to kill everyone who will interfere his kingship, even his comrade Banquo is murdered by his conspiracy. The murder was awarded by Macbeth orally, â€Å"Thou art the best o' th' cutthroats: / Yet he’s good that did the like for Fleance. / If thou didst it, thou art the nonpareil. † (3. 4. 18-20) Thus, Gatsby and Macbeth all destruct others because of their ambitions. Secondly, at the early stages of both two works, Both Gatsby and Macbeth lose their integrities because of their ambitions. Gatsby knows it is important to be rich, because that can attract Daisy, so his methods of becoming rich are that of doing illegal activities and lying about his poor background. â€Å"’He’s a bootlegger,’ said the young ladies, moving somewhere between his cocktails and his flowers. † (61) For the purpose of approaching Daisy, Gatsby sells illegal alcohols during in the past. Although this is dishonesty, it is the only way to become rich quickly. Just as Gatsby, Macbeth believes the prophecy from the witches that he will one day become a king; as a result, he decides to assassinate Duncan in order to fulfill his ambition faster. After Lady Macbeth motivates Macbeth to murder Duncan, Macbeth says: â€Å"I am settled and bend up / Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. † (1. 7. 80-81) The quote reveals that Macbeth has determined to execute the Duncan. Therefore, Macbeth’s ambition makes him to lose his integrity. Even though the similarities of external destruction and earlier period of dishonesty both are identified from Gatsby and Macbeth, there are still many differences between them. The internal destructions of Gatsby and Macbeth are quite distinct. Gatsby comes as an inferior beginning. For Gatsby, lying about his identities cannot make him realize that he is slowly destroying himself from the inside. When Nick mentions that Gatsby may not recall his past, Gatsby says that: â€Å"Can’t repeat the past? †¦ Why of course you can! † (111) Gatsby does not feel his personal downfall after he amasses the fortune that he believes now. Unlike Gatsby, Macbeth is at first a loyal general of Duncan’s army. However, his identity falls from a noble man to an evil killer, turning Macbeth into a psychological destruction. â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, / Strong both against the dead; then, as his host, / Not bear the knife myself. † (1. 7. 13-16) In this soliloquy, Macbeth debates whether he should kill Duncan since he notices the loyalty that he toward his king. Meanwhile, Macbeth admits that he has â€Å"†¦only / Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself / And falls on th’ other. † (1. 7. 6-28) Thus, this ambition directly leads to Macbeth’s moral destruction. When both Gatsby and Macbeth reach their goal, Gatsby only cheats for what he wants which is Daisy. But Macbeth continues to follow the witches’ prediction, and begins to kill more people. Gatsby, in the whole story, lies only in order to convince Daisy that he is the greatest man, in aspects such as wealthy assents, and outstanding education. The conversations between Tom and Gatsby provide that Gatsby cheats his education background. â€Å"‘By the way, Mr. Gatsby, I understand you’re an Oxford man. ’ /‘Not exactly. / ‘Oh, yes, I understand you went to Oxford. ’ / ‘Yes — I went there. ’† (129) Macbeth, however, trusts the prediction firmly later on. He follows the indications, and he lies and kills many innocent people. â€Å" The castle of Macduff I will surprise, / Seize upon Fife, give to th’ edge o’ th’ sword / His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls / That trace him in his line. † (4. 1. 156-160) When Lennox tells Macbeth that Macduff has fled to England, Macbeth enlightens and resolves to send murderers to capture Macduff’s castle and to kill Macduffâ€⠄¢s wife and children. So Gatsby and Macbeth all lose their integrities at the beginning Nevertheless Gatsby maintains his falsity, Macbeth deteriorates his baneful of integrity. Lastly, it can be drawn into a conclusion that ambitions lead both Gatsby and Macbeth to their destruction on other people and themselves, and their loss of integrities in different time periods. Admittedly, ambitions belong to advantageous individual’s trait; it has conducive effects on personal pursuit. However, ambition also can lead the destruction and dishonesty much like Gatsby and Macbeth if the ambition is unchecked.

Good education Essay

The plot tells you what happens in a story, but the theme tells you what the story is about: What is the underlying message? What is driving the action? It is also helpful to ask â€Å"why†: Why did the author choose this setting or this conflict? Why did the author choose this tone? Why are these characters behavinI agree the â€Å"The Road Not Taken† (Frost, 1916) has a journey or pilgrimage theme, for the person in the poem is struggling with his personal journey in life. Specifically, he is trying to decide which road in life to take. You did an excellent job identifying the major symbol in Frost’s poem, the road itself, and your angle is fresh and unique. Until now, I never considered the fact that one of the roads represents a path or pattern he has been on already for a period of time. Whereas, the other road is change. Many of us wonder how life would be, if we choose to change courses. Honestly, in the past, I thought of the roads in terms of difficulty. I was thinking one road is more challenging than the other and will require more out of the person to get to the destination. For example, I wonder how different my life would be if I decided to pursue a Masters degree in Creative Writing at the New School for Social Research in New York like I originally intended to do instead of enrolling in a Master’s program that was not geared towards producing society’s next writers. Instead of living the life of a writer and earning my sole living from it, I went down  another, less traveled road–the one that ends with me earning a post-doctorate degree, lecturing/presenting research at scholarly conferences, and writing non-fiction. I am still traveling as you can see, for the road is long, a marathon to say the least, and requires dedication, and perseverance. For those reasons, many may choose not to take that road, because it is a longer, more challenging journey. Here, I see how the color yellow would symbolize age, too. Over time, we must eventually choose one of the two roads. g this way? Why should we care?

Marketing Plan For A New Company - 1101 Words

MARKETING PLAN CUPCAKE CENTRAL COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive summary 1.1 Introduction and Marketing challenges 2. Marketing plan objectives 3. Situation Analysis (5C’s) 3.1 Customer 3.2 Company SWOT Analysis 3.3 Context 3.4 Collaboration 3.5 Competitions 4. Strategic Development (STP) 4.1 Segmentation 4.2 Target Market 4.3 Positioning 5. Market Mix (4P’s) 5.1 Product 5.2 Price 5.3 Place 5.4 Promotion 6. Marketing Strategies 7. Implementation and Evaluation 8. Conclusion 9. References According to Philip Kotler, â€Å"The Marketing plan provides clear and ambiguous statement about strategies and actions that will be implemented, by whom, when and with what (anticipated/required) outcomes.† Executive summary: Even though cupcakes are not life’s necessities, they have become popular because they symbolize one of life’s little luxuries for those of us who are on a budget. This market plan begin with a market challenge that is required to make the business of â€Å"Cupcake Central† bakery a Successful business. The main aim of â€Å"Cupcake Central† business to give cupcake a whole new dimension to get growth in both revenue and in size. We seek fair and reasonable profit, enough for the company to keep it financially healthy. The main mission is to make the business of cupcake company name â€Å"Cupcake Central† a unique business. We identified one main issue for this problem is differentiation strategy. As this bakery provide different range of products with differentShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A New Company1348 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing to acquire new customers for revenue for GBH The market is constantly changing requiring the various businesses operating in it to adapt to these changes. 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